The Spiral Staircase

MONSTERS OF THE WEEK -- Scylla and Charybdis

Scylla and Charybdis are a famous pair of sea monsters from ancient Greece.  They live on opposite sides of the narrow Strait of Messina, between Italy and Sicily.  They contacted me early this morning to offer their birthday wishes for Daniel Deming, who turns 33 today.

According to Ovid (tr. Gregory):

Even brave sailors fear rock-caved Charybdis
Who drinks the waves, vomits them out again,
And Scylla with her barking dogs around her
Churning the waves that circle Sicily.

Sailors who needed to pass through the strait were screwed: go too close to Scylla and she would eat their crew, steer toward Charybdis and a powerful whirlpool would destroy the ship. The two have come to signify, according to Brewer's Phrase and Fable, "being caught between two dangers or fatal works."  

(It's hard based on my shoddy Internet research to figure out if "between a rock and a hard place" and "between the devil and the deep blue sea" are directly descended from the myth of Scylla and Charybdis.  Brewer's says of the latter, "The allusion seems to be to the herd of swine and the devils called Legion."  Whatever that means.)

As usual, both monsters are pretty sympathetic if you get to know them.  Scylla started her life as a lovely sea nymph.  The sea god Glaucus fell in love with her and accosted her as she strolled naked along the beach (more Ovid tr. Gregory):

When Glaucus saw the girl, he turned to fire,
And said things - anything - to hold her there
Yet she escaped; she climbed a sheet of rock;
It was a mountain that looked out to sea
And cast its shadow over trembling waters,
Nor did she stop till she stood high enough
To stand at proper distance from the man.
She gazed at him and saw a blue-green creature,
Longhaired, and where his manly thighs should be
She saw a scaled and twisted fishy member
Was he a god?  Or some acquatic devil?
He looked at her and leaned upon a rock.
"Dear girl," he said, "I'm neither fish nor fowl;
But something better..."

But Glaucus's wooing does not impress Scylla, who coldly runs away.  Glaucus swims off for the island of Aeaea, home of the powerful sorceress Circe.  Aeaea is thought to correspond to Mount Circo on the Tyrrhenian coast of Italy.  It looks like a nice place to visit, as long as you don't fall into Circe's hands and get turned into a pig.

Glaucus begs the powerful sorceress to give him herbs to charm Scylla and make her love him,

But Circe said (and no one more than she
Was ready to make love at any hour-
Whether she had an innate liking for it,
Or whether Venus, angry at Circe's father
Because he had betrayed her love for Mars,
Gave Circe more than ladylike desires,
We cannot say-Except that she replied),
"Go find a girl or woman who's inclined
To be warm-hearted as yourself and eager--
And more than that, you need a full-grown goddess,
Even myself, a daughter of the sun,
Who has all charms to please you, songs and herbs
And much besides. I'll take you as you are.
As for that girl, treat her as she treats you;
Take me to bed, and in one loving gesture
You'll give two women all that they deserve.

When Glaucus refuses Circe, avowing eternal love for Scylla, the goddess is furious.  But, as she loves Glaucus too much to strike out against him, she concocts a poison for Scylla instead, which she sneaks into the pool Scylla uses for her afternoon baths: 

When Scylla came, she splashed waist-deep in coolness,
Then to her horror found her legs were gone,
And where her thighs should be, she saw a girdle
Of barking dogs' heads round her naked belly.
At first she tried to shake them off, to loose them,
Tear them away, but found
They grew out of the tender flesh below
Her breasts, as though wild Cerberus had twined
Himself a dozen times around her waist.
And there she sat, half naked girl, half monster
With mad dogs barking round her lower regions.

Greek, c. 340 BCE (via VROMA)

Charybdis's origin is harder to pin down.  Some sources say she was a fierce daughter of Poseidon who acted as her father's lieutenant in his battle for supremacy against his brother Zeus, flooding hundreds of coastal towns to reclaim them for the sea.  When Zeus won the struggle, he changed her into a ravenous monster, all mouth, who swallows water eternally, then belches it out.  An alternate version has Charybdis stealing the cattle of Geryon from Hercules, and being thrown into the sea by Zeus as punishment.  Some other sources (such as Ovid) simply describe Charybdis as a maelstrom.

Olaus Magnus, 1555 (via the wonderful Northern Lights)

Several heroes face off against this famous double-bind, and deal with the choice in characteristic ways.  Wily and morally flexible Odysseus follows Circe's advice and steers well clear of the whirlpool, since Circe tells him it is better that he lose a few men to Scylla than his whole ship to Charybdis.  Six of his friends are dragged off screaming by Scylla's many heads, and Odysseus mourns: "The most pitiful thing was this that mine eyes have seen of all my travail in searching out the paths of the sea." 

Aeneas, my least favorite epic hero, sidesteps the question altogether and sails off around Sicily, where Hera hits him with some heavy weather. 

The dreamy Jason navigates the monsters in the coolest way of all, with an escort of sea nymphs who frolic around his ship like dolphins and steer it through the dangerous waters.  The whole Argonautica is online as is the entire Harryhausen monster-licious movie! 

It's interesting that both Scylla and Charybdis were women, and that they were both punished for inappropriate appetites, Scylla having too little and Charybdis too much.  In the olden days, nymphs were caught between a rock and a hard place.

MONSTER OF THE WEEK -- Pinhead

Today our featured monster is Pinhead from Hellraiser, a series of movies Clive Barker wrote and directed based on his spooky little novella The Hellbound Heart.

Pinhead is a member of a race of otherworldy beings called Cenobites.  These beings are summoned by humans who have solved a puzzle cube formed of interlocking geometric shapes.   The cube, generally purchased at an obscure Moroccan bazaar, makes sounds like a music box as it unfolds, opening a gateway into the Cenobites' dimension.  If you ever come into possession of such a cube, DO NOT OPEN IT. 

The Cenobites are seekers of peak experience, and the kind of people who summon them are jaded hedonists who are tired with all the sensations this world has to offer.  Cenobites aren't evil per se (Pinhead says they are "angels to some and demons to others") but are amoral, concerned only about their sadomasochistic experiments.  In their quest for greater and greater intensity of experience, they pretty much torture to death anyone who is dumb enough to summon them by opening the puzzle box (see above re. not opening box). 

The structure of the Hellraiser story is instructive for a writer, because it has two separate antagonists, depraved Uncle Jack, who once summoned the Cenobites and is now trying to free himself from them and the Cenobites themselves, whom the ingenue Kristy mistakenly summons while trying to free herself from Uncle Jack.  Two antagonists are better than one, and it makes for a gripping plot.

I was inspired to check out Pinhead and his friends after seeing the incredible Francis Bacon retrospective at the Met.  Bacon's figures of popes and businessmen imprisoned by thin, glimmering lines and eaten up from within by their own power and appetite evoked Barker's world quite strongly. 

Here's Pope Innocent X:

We are born with a scream; we come into life with a scream, and maybe love is a mosquito net between the fear of living and the fear of death.

- F. Bacon

Bacon was gay, as is Clive Barker, a fact that seems important to both men's aesthetics somehow.  One of the prime sources of horror in Barker's world (and I'm thinking also of the stories in Books of Blood) is women's sexual power, an insight I doubt any straight male writer would have, at least not in the same way.  The NYT critic touches on the importance of Bacon's sexuality to his work in her review. 

Bacon seems like he would have been a cool dude to hang out with.  He was a drinking buddy of Tom Baker of Dr. Who fame. 

Champagne for my real friends; Real pain for my sham friends.

- F. Bacon (attributed)

He lived a bon vivant lifestyle, surrounded by a close circle of friends and lovers.  His longtime companion George Dyer was a petty thief -- the two met when Bacon caught Dyer robbing his apartment.  The most moving piece in the exhibition to me was a triptych depicting the hotel where Dyer killed himself (incredibly, on the night before Bacon's first major solo retrospective). 

Dyer was deep in the throes of alcoholism and drug addiction by then, but he still had the organization to plan and execute his suicide on the eve of the biggest day of his lover's career.  Contemplate how deeply passive aggressive that is -- a dance of control and pain worthy of Pinhead and his friends.  Sometimes we don't have to open a puzzle box to summon monsters.

MONSTER OF THE WEEK -- Ravana

The Rakshasa is a race of flesh-eating demons from Hindu mythology.  The most famous Rakshasa of them all was the fearsome Ravana, King of Lanka and arch-villain of the epic Ramayana.  He has ten heads and twenty arms.  

  

Ravana abducts Sita, the wife of King Rama and the goddess personified.  Like the theft of Helen in the Iliad, this transgression sparks off the whole epic.  Unlike Helen, the beautiful Sita was a loyal wife and did not go willingly.  

Now Ravana assumed the shape of a wandering yogi; carrying a staff and a beggar's bowl, he came towards Sita waiting all alone for Rama to come back. 

The forest knew him: the very trees stayed still, the wind dropped, the Godaveri flowed more slowly for fear. 

But he came close to Sita, and gazed upon her, and was filled with evil longings; and he addressed her, praising her beauty, and asked her to leave that dangerous forest and go with him to dwell in palaces and gardens. But she, thinking him a Brahman and her guest, gave him food and water, and answered that she was Rama's wife, and told the story of their life; and she asked his name and kin. 

Then he named himself Ravana and besought her to be his wife, and offered her palaces and servants and gardens.  

She grew angry beyond all measure at that, and answered: 

"I am the servant of Rama, lion amongst men, immovable as any mountain, vast as the mighty ocean, radiant as Indra. Wouldst thou draw the teeth from a lion's mouth, or swim the sea with a heavy stone about thy neck? 

"As well mightst thou seek the Sun or Moon as me! Little like is Rama unto thee, but different as is a lion from a jackal, an elephant from a cat, the ocean from a tiny stream, or gold from iron. Indra's wife thou mightst carry off, and live; but if thou takest me, the wife of Rama, thy death is certain, and I, too, shall surely die." 

And she shook with fear, as a plantain-tree is shaken by the wind. 

But Ravana's yellow eyes grew red with anger and the peaceful face changed, and he took his own horrid shape, ten-faced and twenty-armed; he seized that gentle thing by the hair and limbs, and sprang into his golden ass-drawn car, and rose up into the sky. 

But she cried aloud to Lakshman and to Rama. 

"O thou forest and flowery trees," she cried, "and thou Godaveri, and woodland deities, and deer, and birds, I conjure you to tell my lord that Ravana has stolen me away."

(Text by Ananda K. Coomaraswamy from this site; Images lifted from here)

Ravana is a great, sexy villain.  There's a way in which - like all characters in the Hindu epics - he's just doing his job.  

The epic culminates in a huge battle in which many great heros, demons, and monkeys are slain.  This painting shows Ravana in the chariot on the right with his army of demons.  King Rama (AKA god) sits on the left with the bow of Shiva, watching his monkeys advance.

 

Of course, Rama kills Ravana in the end. 

Each like a flaming lion fought the other; head after head of the Ten-necked One did Rama cut away with his deadly arrows, but new heads ever rose in place of those cut off, and Ravan's death seemed nowise nearer than before -- the arrows that had slain Maricha and Khara and Vali could not take the king of Lanka's life away. 

Then Rama took up the Brahma weapon given to him by Agastya: the Wind lay in its wings, the Sun and Fire in its head, in its mass the weight of Meru and Mandara. Blessing that shaft with Vedic mantras, Rama set it on his bow and loosed it, and it sped to its appointed place and cleft the breast of Ravana, and, bathed in blood, returned and entered Rama's quiver humble. 

Thus was the lord of the rakshasas slain, and the gods rained flowers on Rama's car and chanted hymns of praise, for their desired end was now accomplished -- that end for which alone Vishnu had taken human form. 

The heavens were at peace, the air grew clear and bright, and the sun shone cloudless on the field of battle. 

But not everyone is happy about Ravana's death.  This temple mural detail shows Ravana's many devoted wives mourning over his corpse.  

 

His chief queen, the virtuous Mandodari, cries out this eulogy:

"O thou great-armed, younger brother of Vaisravana, who could stand before thee?

"Gods and rishis thou hast daunted; not to be borne is it that a man, fighting on foot, hath slain thee now! 

"But thy death has come to pass because of Sita, and I am a widow. Thou didst not heed my words, nor didst thou think how many fairer damsels thou hadst than her. 

"Alas! how fair thou wert and how kind thy smile: now thou art bathed in blood and pierced with shafts! Thou wert wont to sleep on a couch of gold; but now thou liest in the dust. 

"Why dost thou fare away and leave me alone? Why dost thou not welcome me?" 

But the other wives of Ravana consoled her and lifted her up, saying: "Life is uncertain for all, and all things change." 

Yarrow's Pantheon

A lovely drawing of the Greek gods by my goddaughter Yarrow and mom Dahlia.

MONSTERS AND GODS

Sorry it's been so long since I've done a God of the Week or Monster of the Week.  Time to get back on track.  But first, here's a recap of our past winners.

When a god or monster is selected the "God/Monster of the Week" by the Spiral Staircase, he/she/it receives a small scholarship toward career development and is invited to attend a special winners-only reception held every summer solstice at the Ritz-Carlton on Atlantis.

If you are a mythical creature or divine being who wishes to be featured on our blog, please send your name and CV to our attention.  You just might join the ranks of our illustrious winners below!

GODS AND GODDESSES

• Angulimala - compassion
  
• Aphrodite -love
  
• Apis -a sacred bull
  
• Athena and Artemis - wisdom and the moon
  
• Balder - light, purity
  
• Freya - love
  
• Ganesha (1 and 2) - beginnings, luck
• Hanuman - strength, faith
  
• Hermes - messenger
  
• Hunahpu and Xbalanque - ballplayers
  
• Hymenaios - marriage
  
• Inanna - mother
  
• Isis - magic
  
• Loki - evil
  
• Mayahuel - maguey
  
• Minthe - garnish
  
• Orpheus - artists
  
• Shichi Fukujin - luck
  
• Shiva - destruction, union
  

MONSTERS

• Ammit
  
• Bigfoot
  
• Black Annis
  
• Chimera
  
• Doppelganger
  
• Fenrir
  
• Giant
  
• Godzilla
  
• Kraken
  
• Lamia
  
• Minotaur (1 and 2)
• Mummy
  
• Ravenous Bugblatter Beast of Traal
  
• Tarasque
• Vampire
• Witch
• Zombie

Nrityagram Dance Ensemble

This show gave me magical dreams.  These women are amazing, as are the musicians who accompany them.  The last show is a matinee tomorrow.  If at all possible, run out and see it.

This photo is from the Times' slightly-missing-the-point review.

Nothing about the performance is "crude."  In fact, the thought occurred to me while watching that this might be the most refined form of culture I've ever experienced.  Like, if aliens were going to blow up the Earth, I'd send in Nrityagram to justify our planet's existence through dance.

This is a good show for fans of the Hindu god Krishna.  The pieces that end the second half are both introduced by readings from the Gita Govinda.  The duet about Krishna and Radha together on the banks of the Yamuna is a powerful spiritual transmission.  The solo that follows, in which Radha suffers because Krishna comes to her late and  disheveled from making love to another woman, is mind-blowing. 

The reason I love Krishna more than any other deity is because he loves women.  All women.  His greatest devotees were the women around him. 

She ornaments her limbs,
When a leaf quivers or a feather falls,
Suspecting your coming,
She spreads out the bed
And waits long in meditation.
Making her bed of ornaments and fantasies,
She evokes a hundred details of you
In her own graceful play.
But the frail girl will not survive
Tonight without you.
    
Jayadeva (12th century)
    Gita Govinda (Tr. Barbara Stoller Miller)

GOD OF THE WEEK -- Ganesha

I have featured Ganesha in the past, but he bears repeating.  Today I direct you to the always scintillating Digest for Semiological Transcoding for a beautiful story illustrating Ganesha's creativity and wisdom.  This story makes me think of how when I focus on little, mundane things I waste a lot of effort and accomplish nothing.  But when my actions are centered on what is true, they become very efficient. 

What can be better than those weird youtube clips of Sanskrit chanting with psychedelic montages of the Hindu gods?  It's the perfect thing to watch after a long night on the town.

May all our obstacles be removed.

GOD OF THE WEEK -- Angulimala

This is the story of the Buddhist arahant Angulimala.  An arahant isn't really a god at all, but rather a human who has achieved nirvana.  I think of them as Buddhist demi-gods. 

I've always had a soft spot for Angulimala, the serial killer who reforms.  This version is translated from the Pali by Thanissaro Bhikkhu:

I have heard that on one occasion the Blessed One was staying near Savatthi at Jeta's Grove, Anathapindika's monastery. And at that time in King Pasenadi's realm there was a bandit named Angulimala: brutal, bloody-handed, devoted to killing & slaying, showing no mercy to living beings. He turned villages into non-villages, towns into non-towns, settled countryside into unsettled countryside. Having repeatedly killed human beings, he wore a garland (mala) made of fingers (anguli).

Then the Blessed One, early in the morning, having put on his robes and carrying his outer robe & bowl, went into Savatthi for alms. Having wandered for alms in Savatthi and returning from his alms round after his meal, set his lodging in order. Carrying his robes & bowl, he went along the road to where Angulimala was staying. Cowherds, shepherds, & farmers saw him going along the road to where Angulimala was staying, and on seeing him said to him, "Don't go along that road, contemplative, for on that road is Angulimala: brutal, bloody-handed, devoted to killing & slaying, showing no mercy to living beings. He has turned villages into non-villages, towns into non-towns, settled countryside into unsettled countryside. Having repeatedly killed human beings, he wears a garland made of fingers. Groups of ten, twenty, thirty, & forty men have gone along that road, and even they have fallen into Angulimala's hands." When this was said, the Blessed One kept going in silence.

A second time... A third time, cowherds, shepherds, & farmers said to the Blessed One, "Don't go along that road, contemplative... Groups of ten, twenty, thirty, & forty men have gone along that road, and even they have fallen into Angulimala's hands." When this was said, the Blessed One kept going in silence.

Then Angulimala saw the Blessed One coming from afar and on seeing him, this thought occurred to him: "Isn't it amazing! Isn't it astounding! Groups of ten, twenty, thirty, & forty men have gone along this road, and even they have fallen into my hands, and yet now this contemplative comes attacking, as it were, alone and without a companion. Why don't I kill him?" So Angulimala, taking up his sword & shield, buckling on his bow & quiver, followed right behind the Blessed One.

Then the Blessed One willed a feat of psychic power such that Angulimala, though running with all his might, could not catch up with the Blessed One walking at normal pace. Then the thought occurred to Angulimala: "Isn't it amazing! Isn't it astounding! In the past I've chased & seized even a swift-running elephant, a swift-running horse, a swift-running chariot, a swift-running deer. But now, even though I'm running with all my might, I can't catch up with this contemplative walking at normal pace." So he stopped and called out to the Blessed One, "Stop, contemplative! Stop!"

"I have stopped, Angulimala. You stop."

Then the thought occurred to Angulimala, "These Sakyan contemplatives are speakers of the truth, asserters of the truths, and yet this contemplative, even while walking, says, 'I have stopped, Angulimala. You stop.' Why don't I question him?"

So Angulimala the bandit addressed this verse to the Blessed One:

"While walking, contemplative,
you say, 'I have stopped.'
But when I have stopped
you say I haven't.
I ask you the meaning of this:
How have you stopped?
How haven't I?"

[The Buddha:]

"I have stopped, Angulimala,
once & for all,
having cast off violence
toward all living beings.
You, though,
are unrestrained toward beings.
That's how I've stopped
and you haven't."

[Angulimala:]

"At long last a greatly revered great seer
	for my sake
has come to the great forest.
Having heard your verse
in line with the Dhamma,
I will go about
having abandoned evil."

So saying, the bandit
hurled his sword & weapons
	over a cliff
	into a chasm,
	   a pit.
Then the bandit paid homage
to the feet of the One Well-gone,
and right there requested the Going-forth.

The Awakened One,
the compassionate great seer,
the teacher of the world, along with its devas,
said to him then:
	"Come, bhikkhu."
That in itself
was bhikkhuhood for him.

You can read the rest of the sutta here.

Romulus, remus, rumpus

Archaeologists have unearthed a grotto where they believe the mythical she-wolf suckled the twin founders of Rome.  Thanks to the vigilant Kris O. for this link.

This is the best article I've ever read on women's boxing.  Thanks to Debi for the link.  Go Nisa, go!

King Tut in the News

A mummy update.